Měsíce Saturnu

Planeta Saturn má 53 pojmenovaných měsíců a dalších 29 se stále zkoumá. Mnohé z měsíců jsou velmi malé: 33 z nich má průměr menší než 10 km a třináct měsíců je menších než 50 km. Mnoho měsíců je pojmenováno po Titánech, Obrech nebo menších řeckých či římských bozích. Některé Saturnovy měsíce jsou velmi velké; měsíc Titan je větší než planeta Merkur.

 

Potvrzené měsíce

Saturnovy měsíce jsou zde seřazeny podle oběžných dob (nebo poloos) od nejkratší po nejdelší. Měsíce dostatečně hmotné na to, aby se jejich povrch sbalil do sféroidu, jsou zvýrazněny tučně, zatímco nepravidelné měsíce jsou uvedeny červeně, oranžově a na šedém pozadí.

Klíč

†
Hlavní ledové měsíce

♠
Titan

‡
Inuitská skupina

♦
Galská skupina

♣ S
everská skupina

V nedávné době bylo objeveno 20 nových měsíců Saturnu, které dosud nebyly pojmenovány.

Objednávka

Štítek

Název

Výslovnost

Obrázek

Průměr (km)

Hmotnost
(×1015 kg)

Poloměrná osa (km)

Oběžná doba (d)

Sklon

Excentricita

Pozice

Objevitelský
rok

Discoverer

1

S/2009 S/2009 S 1

-

≈ 0.3

< 0.0001

≈ 117000

≈ 0.47

≈ 0°

≈ 0

vnější kroužek B

2009

Cassini

(měsíčky)

-

A noisy image showing a few bright dots marked by circles

0,04 až 0,4 (Earhart)

< 0.0001

≈ 130000

≈ 0.55

≈ 0°

≈ 0

Tři pásma o délce 1000 km v rámci prstence A

2006

Cassini

2

XVIII

Pan Pan

/ˈpæn/

A bright fuzzy band (rings of Saturn) is running from the left to right. In the center a bright irregularity shaped body is superimposed on its upper edge. A narrow grayish band, which is a part of the main band, partially covers the body.

28.2±2.6
(34 × 31 × 20)

4.95±0.75

133584

+0.57505

0.001°

0.000035

v divizi Encke

1990

M. Showalter

3

XXXV

Dafnis Dafnis

/ˈdæfnɪs/

Two bright bands run from the left to right. In the narrow gap between them (Keeler gap), which has wavy edges, a small oblong object can be seen.

7.6±1.6
(9 × 8 × 6)

0.084±0.012

136505

+0.59408

≈ 0°

≈ 0

v Keeler Gap

2005

Cassini

4

XV

Atlas Atlas

/ˈætləs/

An irregularly shaped body is fully illuminated. The body, which looks like a cone viewed from the south pole, is elongated downward.

30.2±1.8
(41 × 35 × 19)

6.6±0.045

137670

+0.60169

0.003°

0.0012

vnější A Ring shepherd

1980

Voyager 2

5

XVI

Prometheus Prometheus

/proʊˈmiːθiəs/

An irregularly shaped oblong body is fully illuminated. It is elongated in the direction from the right to left. Its surface is covered by craters. There is valley at the top.

86.2±5.4
(136 × 79 × 59)

159.5±1.5

139380

+0.61299

0.008°

0.0022

vnitřní F Ring shepherd

1980

Voyager 2

6

XVII

Pandora Pandora

/pænˈdɔːrə/

An irregularly shaped body is half illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right. The surface is covered by numerous craters.

81.4±3.0
(104 × 81 × 64)

137.1±1.9

141720

+0.62850

0.050°

0.0042

vnější F Ring Shepherd

1980

Voyager 2

7a

XI

Epimetheus Epimetheus

/ɛpɪˈmiːθiəs/

A partially-illuminated irregular body, which has a shape remotely resembling a cube. The body's surface consists of ridges and valleys and is covered by craters.

116.2±3.6
(130 × 114 × 106)

526.6±0.6

151422

+0.69433

0.335°

0.0098

koorbitální s Janusem

1977

J. Fountain a S. Larson

7b

X

Janus Janus

/ˈdʒeɪnəs/

An irregular body, whose outline looks like an approximate circle in this image. It is illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top-left to bottom-right. The surface is covered by craters.

179.0±2.8
(203 × 185 × 153)

1897.5±0.6

151472

+0.69466

0.165°

0.0068

koorbitální s Epimetheem

1966

A. Dollfus

9

LIII

Aegaeon Aegaeon

/iːˈdʒiːən/

Image of Aegaeon.

≈ 0.5

≈ 0.0001

167500

+0.80812

0.001°

0.0002

G Kroužek moonlet

2008

Cassini

10

I

Mimas †Mimas

/ˈmaɪməs/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the left. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the right limb. A large crater with a central peak sits on the terminator slightly to the right and above the center of the body. It makes the body look like the Death Star. There are numerous smaller craters.

396.4±0.8
(416 × 393 × 381)

37493±31

185404

+0.942422

1.566°

0.0202

 

1789

W. Herschel

11

XXXII

Meton Meton

/mɪˈθoʊniː/

From May 2012 flyby

3.2±1.2

≈ 0.02

194440

+1.00957

0.007°

0.0001

Alkyonidy

2004

Cassini

12

XLIX

Anthe Anthe

/ˈænθiː/

1.8

≈ 0.0015

197700

+1.05089

0.1°

0.0011

Alkyonidy

2007

Cassini

13

XXXIII

Pallene Pallene

/pəˈliːniː/

In the center is Pallene, a moon of Saturn

5.0±1.2
(6 × 6 × 4)

≈ 0.05

212280

+1.15375

0.181°

0.0040

Alkyonidy

2004

Cassini

14

II

Enceladus †Enceladus

/ɛnˈsɛlədəs/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the left limb. In the center and at the top there are heavily cratered areas.

504.2±0.4
(513 × 503 × 497)

108022±101

237950

+1.370218

0.010°

0.0047

Generuje kroužek E

1789

W. Herschel

15

III

Tethys †Tethys

/ˈtiːθɪs/

A spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right in the vicinity of the top limb. There is a wide curved graben running from the center of the body to the bottom. It is Ithaca Chasma.

1062±1.2
(1077 × 1057 × 1053)

617449±132

294619

+1.887802

0.168°

0.0001

 

1684

G. Cassini

15a

XIII

Telesto Telesto

/tɪˈlɛstoʊ/

24.8±0.8
(33 × 24 × 20)

≈ 9.41

294619

+1.887802

1.158°

0.000

vedoucí trojský kůň Tethys

1980

B. Smith, H. Reitsema, S. Larson a J. Fountain

15b

XIV

Calypso Calypso

/kəˈlɪpsoʊ/

An oblong reddish body is seen in this low resolution image.

21.4±1.4
(30 × 23 × 14)

≈ 6.3

294619

+1.887802

1.473°

0.000

vlečný trojský kůň Tethys

1980

D. Pascu, P. Seidelmann, W. Baum a D. Currie

18

IV

Dione †Dione

/daɪˈoʊniː/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. The central part of the body is smooth and has only a few craters. A heavily cratered terrain is near the right limb. A part of a large crater is intersected by the terminator in the lower-left corner. To the left of it there is a long crack running parallel to the terminator.

1122.8±0.8
(1128 × 1123 × 1119)

1095452±168

377396

+2.736915

0.002°

0.0022

 

1684

G. Cassini

18a

XII

Helene Helene

/ˈhɛlɪniː/

An irregularly shaped body illuminated from the left. Its surface is covered by numerous impact craters.

35.2±0.8
(43 × 38 × 26)

≈ 24.46

377396

+2.736915

0.212°

0.0022

vedoucí trojský kůň Dione

1980

P. Laques a J. Lecacheux

18b

XXXIV

Polydeuces Polydeuces

/pɒliˈdjuːsiːz/

A small oblong body is barely resolved in this image.

2.6±0.8
(3 × 2 × 1)

≈ 0.03

377396

+2.736915

0.177°

0.0192

vlečný trojský kůň Dione

2004

Cassini

21

V

Rhea †Rhea

/ˈriːə/

A spherical body is almost fully illuminated. The terminator is running near the top edge. The surface is covered by numerous craters. Two partially overlapping large craters can be seen above the center. One that is younger is above and to the right from the older one.

1527.0±1.2
(1530 × 1526 × 1525)

2306518±353

527108

+4.518212

0.327°

0.001258

 

1672

G. Cassini

22

VI

Titan ♠Titan

/ˈtaɪtən/

An orange spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. Both limb and terminator are fuzzy due to light scattering in the atmosphere.

5149.46±0.18
(5149 × 5149 × 5150)

134520000±20000

1221930

+15.94542

0.3485°

0.0288

 

1655

C. Huygens

23

VII

Hyperion †Hyperion

/haɪˈpɪəriən/

An irregularly shaped oblong body is illuminated from the left. The terminator is near the right limb. The body is elongated in the top-bottom direction. The surface is punctured by numerous impact craters, which make it look like a sponge or cheese.

270±8
(360 × 266 × 205)

5620±50

1481010

+21.27661

0.568°

0.123006

v rezonanci 4:3 s Titanem

1848

W. Bond
G. Bond
 W. Lassell

24

VIII

Iapetus †Iapetus

/aɪˈæpɪtəs/

A walnut shaped body illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top to right along the top-right limb. An equatorial ridge runs from the left to right and is convex in the direction of the bottom-left. Above and below it there are dark areas. Above the upper dark area and below the lower one there are bright poles. There numerous craters. Three among them are very large: one sits on the limb at the right another is in the center above the ridge. The third is below the ridge near the left limb.

1468.6±5.6
(1491 × 1491 × 1424)

1805635±375

3560820

+79.3215

15.47°

0.028613

 

1671

G. Cassini

25

XXIV

Kiviuq ‡Kiviuq

/ˈkɪviək/

≈ 16

≈ 2.79

11294800

+448.16

49.087°

0.3288

Skupina Inuitů

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

26

XXII

Ijiraq ‡Ijiraq

/ˈiːɪrɒk/

≈ 12

≈ 1.18

11355316

+451.77

50.212°

0.3161

Skupina Inuitů

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

27

IX

Phoebe ♣†Phoebe

/ˈfiːbiː/

An approximately spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom-right. The terminator runs near the left and top limbs. There is huge crater at the top, which affects the shape, and another slightly smaller at the bottom.

213.0±1.4
(219 × 217 × 204)

8292±10

12869700

-545.09

173.047°

0.156242

Severská skupina

1899

W. Pickering

28

XX

Paaliaq ‡Paaliaq

/ˈpɑːliɒk/

≈ 22

≈ 7.25

15103400

+692.98

46.151°

0.3631

Skupina Inuitů

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

29

XXVII

Skathi ♣Skathi

/ˈskɒði/

≈ 8

≈ 0.35

15672500

-732.52

149.084°

0.246

Skupina Norse (Skathi)

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

30

XXVI

Albiorix ♦ Albiorix

/ˌælbiˈɒrɪks/

≈ 32

≈ 22.3

16266700

+774.58

38.042°

0.477

Galská skupina

2000

M. Holman

31

 

S/2007A ♣S/2007 S 2

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

16560000

-792.96

176.68°

0.2418

Severská skupina

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna, B. Marsden

32

XXXVII

Bebhionn ♦Bebhionn

/bɛˈviːn/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

17153520

+838.77

40.484°

0.333

Galská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

33

XXVIII

Erriapus ♦Erriapus

/ɛriˈæpəs/

≈ 10

≈ 0.68

17236900

+844.89

38.109°

0.4724

Galská skupina

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

34

XLVII

Skoll ♣Skoll

/ˈskɒl/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

17473800

-862.37

155.624°

0.418

Norská skupina (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

35

XXIX

Siarnaq ‡Siarnaq

/ˈsiːɑːrnək/

≈ 40

≈ 43.5

17776600

+884.88

45.798°

0.24961

Skupina Inuitů

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

36

LII

Tarqeq ‡Tarqeq

/ˈtɑːrkeɪk/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

17910600

+894.86

49.904°

0.1081

Skupina Inuitů

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

37

 

S/2004B ♣S/2004 S 13

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18056300

-905.85

167.379°

0.261

Severská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

38

LI

Greip ♣Greip

/ˈɡreɪp/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18065700

-906.56

172.666°

0.3735

Severská skupina

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

39

XLIV

Hyrrokkin ♣Hyrrokkin

/hɪˈrɒkɪn/

≈ 8

≈ 0.35

18168300

-914.29

153.272°

0.3604

Norská skupina (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

40

L

Jarnsaxa ♣Jarnsaxa

/jɑːrnˈsæksə/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18556900

-943.78

162.861°

0.1918

Severská skupina

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

41

XXI

Tarvos ♦Tarvos

/ˈtɑːrvəs/

≈ 15

≈ 2.3

18562800

+944.23

34.679°

0.5305

Galská skupina

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

42

XXV

Mundilfari ♣Mundilfari

/mʊndəlˈværi/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

18725800

-956.70

169.378°

0.198

Severská skupina

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

43

 

S/2006 ♣S/2006 S 1

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18930200

-972.41

154.232°

0.1303

Norská skupina (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D.C. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

44

 

S/2004C ♣S/2004 S 17

-

≈ 4

≈ 0.05

19099200

-985.45

166.881°

0.226

Severská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

45

XXXVIII

Bergelmir ♣Bergelmir

/bɛərˈjɛlmɪər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

19104000

-985.83

157.384°

0.152

Norská skupina (Skathi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

46

XXXI

Narvi ♣Narvi

/ˈnɑːrvi/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

19395200

-1008.45

137.292°

0.320

Norská skupina (Narvi)

2003

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

47

XXIII

Suttungr ♣Suttungr

/ˈsʊtʊŋɡər/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

19579000

-1022.82

174.321°

0.131

Severská skupina

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

48

XLIII

Hati ♣Hati

/ˈhɑːti/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

19709300

-1033.05

163.131°

0.291

Severská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

49

 

S/2004A ♣S/2004 S 12

-

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

19905900

-1048.54

164.042°

0.396

Severská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

50

XL

Farbauti ♣Farbauti

/fɑːrˈbaʊti/

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

19984800

-1054.78

158.361°

0.209

Norská skupina (Skathi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

51

XXX

Thrymr ♣Thrymr

/ˈθrɪmər/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

20278100

-1078.09

174.524°

0.453

Severská skupina

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

52

XXXVI

Aegir ♣Aegir

/ˈaɪ. ɪər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

20482900

-1094.46

167.425°

0.237

Severská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

53

 

S/2007B ♣S/2007 S 3

-

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

20518500

≈ -1100

177.22°

0.130

Severská skupina

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

54

XXXIX

Bestla ♣Bestla

/ˈbɛstlə/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

20570000

-1101.45

147.395°

0.5145

Norská skupina (Narvi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

55

 

S/2007C ♣S/2004 S 7

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

20576700

-1101.99

165.596°

0.5299

Severská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

56

 

S/2006 ♣S/2006 S 3

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

21076300

-1142.37

150.817°

0.4710

Norská skupina (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

57

XLI

Fenrir ♣Fenrir

/ˈfɛnrɪər/

≈ 4

≈ 0.05

21930644

-1212.53

162.832°

0.131

Severská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

58

XLVIII

Surtur ♣Surtur

/ˈsɜːrtər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

22288916

-1242.36

166.918°

0.3680

Severská skupina

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

59

XLV

Kari ♣Kari

/ˈkɑːri/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

22321200

-1245.06

148.384°

0.3405

Norská skupina (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

60

XIX

Ymir ♣Ymir

/ˈɪmɪər/

≈ 18

≈ 3.97

22429673

-1254.15

172.143°

0.3349

Severská skupina

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars a kol.

61

XLVI

Loge ♣Loge

/ˈlɔɪ. eɪ/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

22984322

-1300.95

166.539°

0.1390

Severská skupina

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

62

XLII

Fornjot ♣Fornjot

/ˈfɔːrnjɒt/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

24504879

-1432.16

167.886°

0.186

Severská skupina

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

Nepotvrzené měsíce

Následující objekty (pozorované sondou Cassini) nebyly potvrzeny jako pevná tělesa. Zatím není jasné, zda se jedná o skutečné satelity, nebo jen o trvalé shluky uvnitř prstence F.

Název

Obrázek

Průměr (km)

Poloměrná
osa (km)

Oběžná
doba (d)

Pozice

Objevitelský rok

S/2004 S 6

A bright narrow band runs from the top to bottom. To the right of it in the diffuse halo the is a bright small object.

≈ 3-5

≈ 140130

+0.61801

nejisté objekty v okolí prstence F

2004

S/2004 S 3/S 4

≈ 3-5

≈ 140300

≈ +0.619

2004
 

Hypotetické měsíce

Různí astronomové tvrdili, že objevili dva měsíce, ale už je nikdy nespatřili. Oba měsíce údajně obíhají mezi Titanem a Hyperionem.

  • Chiron, který údajně spatřil Hermann Goldschmidt v roce 1861, ale nikdo jiný ho nepozoroval.
  • Themis údajně objevil v roce 1905 astronom William Pickering, ale už ji nikdy nespatřil. Přesto byla až do 60. let 20. století uváděna v mnoha almanaších a astronomických knihách.
 

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